mkdocs/docs/GoogleAndroid开发文档体系/API参考/核心API.md

# 核心API

## Activity API

Activity是Android应用的核心组件之一，代表用户界面中的一个屏幕。以下是Activity的核心API参考。

### 核心类和方法

#### 生命周期方法

```java
public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper 
        implements ComponentCallbacks2, OnCreateContextMenuListener, 
                   Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback, 
                   View.OnCreateContextMenuListener, Window.OnWindowDismissedCallback {
    
    // 创建Activity
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState);
    
    // Activity可见但不可交互
    protected void onStart();
    
    // Activity可交互
    protected void onResume();
    
    // Activity失去焦点
    protected void onPause();
    
    // Activity不可见
    protected void onStop();
    
    // Activity销毁
    protected void onDestroy();
    
    // 从停止状态恢复
    protected void onRestart();
}
```

#### 启动和导航

```java
// 启动Activity
public void startActivity(Intent intent);
public void startActivity(Intent intent, Bundle options);
public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode);
public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options);

// 结束Activity
public void finish();
public void finishActivity(int requestCode);
public void finishAffinity();
public void finishAndRemoveTask();

// 返回结果
public final void setResult(int resultCode);
public final void setResult(int resultCode, Intent data);
```

#### 状态保存和恢复

```java
// 保存状态
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState);
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState);

// 配置变更处理
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig);
```

#### 窗口和视图管理

```java
// 设置内容视图
public void setContentView(int layoutResID);
public void setContentView(View view);
public void setContentView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);

// 获取视图
public <T extends View> T findViewById(int id);
public View findViewById(int id);

// 窗口管理
public Window getWindow();
public void requestWindowFeature(int featureId);
public void setRequestedOrientation(int requestedOrientation);
```

#### Intent和结果处理

```java
// 获取启动Intent
public Intent getIntent();
public void setIntent(Intent newIntent);

// 结果处理（已废弃，推荐使用Activity Result API）
@Deprecated
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data);

// 新的Activity Result API（推荐）
public final <I, O> ActivityResultLauncher<I> registerForActivityResult(
    ActivityResultContract<I, O> contract,
    ActivityResultCallback<O> callback
);
```

#### 权限管理

```java
// 请求权限
public void requestPermissions(String[] permissions, int requestCode);

// 权限结果回调
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, 
                                       String[] permissions, 
                                       int[] grantResults);

// 检查权限
public int checkSelfPermission(String permission);
public boolean shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String permission);
```

#### 系统服务

```java
// 获取系统服务
public Object getSystemService(String name);

// 常用服务
// - Context.WINDOW_SERVICE: WindowManager
// - Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE: LayoutInflater
// - Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE: ActivityManager
// - Context.ALARM_SERVICE: AlarmManager
// - Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE: NotificationManager
```

#### Fragment管理

```java
// Fragment管理器
public FragmentManager getSupportFragmentManager();
public FragmentManager getFragmentManager(); // 已废弃

// Fragment事务
FragmentTransaction beginTransaction();
```

#### 菜单管理

```java
// 创建选项菜单
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu);
public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu);
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item);

// 创建上下文菜单
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, 
                                ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo);
public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item);
```

#### 转场动画

```java
// 设置转场动画
public void overridePendingTransition(int enterAnim, int exitAnim);

// 共享元素动画
public void startActivity(Intent intent, Bundle options);
```

### 常用常量

```java
// 结果码
public static final int RESULT_OK = -1;
public static final int RESULT_CANCELED = 0;
public static final int RESULT_FIRST_USER = 1;

// 请求码（自定义）
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_CAMERA = 1001;
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_GALLERY = 1002;
```

### Activity启动模式

```java
// AndroidManifest.xml中配置
// android:launchMode="standard" | "singleTop" | "singleTask" | "singleInstance"

// 通过Intent Flag控制
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK
```

### 最佳实践示例

```java
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1001;
    private ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> activityLauncher;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        // 注册Activity Result Launcher
        activityLauncher = registerForActivityResult(
            new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
            result -> {
                if (result.getResultCode() == RESULT_OK) {
                    Intent data = result.getData();
                    // 处理返回结果
                }
            }
        );
    }
    
    private void startSecondActivity() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra("key", "value");
        activityLauncher.launch(intent);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        // 保存临时状态
        outState.putString("key", "value");
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
        // 恢复状态
        String value = savedInstanceState.getString("key");
    }
}
```

### 相关API链接

- [Activity官方文档](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity)
- [AppCompatActivity文档](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/appcompat/app/AppCompatActivity)
- [Activity Result API](https://developer.android.com/training/basics/intents/result)
- [Activity生命周期指南](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/activity-lifecycle)
## Service API

Service是Android应用的后台服务组件，用于执行长时间运行的操作。以下是Service的核心API参考。

### 核心类和方法

#### 生命周期方法

```java
public abstract class Service extends ContextWrapper implements ComponentCallbacks2 {
    
    // Service创建
    public void onCreate();
    
    // 启动Service（startService）
    public abstract IBinder onBind(Intent intent);
    
    // 启动命令（startService）
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId);
    
    // Service销毁
    public void onDestroy();
    
    // 解绑Service（bindService）
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent);
    
    // 重新绑定时调用
    public void onRebind(Intent intent);
}
```

#### 启动和停止

```java
// 启动Service
public ComponentName startService(Intent service);
public int startForegroundService(Intent service); // Android 8.0+

// 停止Service
public boolean stopService(Intent name);
public final void stopSelf();
public final void stopSelf(int startId);

// 绑定Service
public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags);

// 解绑Service
public void unbindService(ServiceConnection conn);
```

#### 前台Service

```java
// 启动前台Service
public final void startForeground(int id, Notification notification);
public final void startForeground(int id, Notification notification, int foregroundServiceType);

// 停止前台Service
public final void stopForeground(int flags);
public final void stopForeground(boolean removeNotification);
```

#### Service类型常量

```java
// onStartCommand返回值
public static final int START_STICKY = 1;          // 系统重启后重新创建
public static final int START_NOT_STICKY = 2;      // 系统重启后不重新创建
public static final int START_REDELIVER_INTENT = 3; // 重新传递Intent

// bindService标志
public static final int BIND_AUTO_CREATE = 0x0001;
public static final int BIND_DEBUG_UNBIND = 0x0002;
public static final int BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND = 0x0004;
public static final int BIND_ABOVE_CLIENT = 0x0008;
public static final int BIND_ALLOW_OOM_MANAGEMENT = 0x0010;
public static final int BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY = 0x0020;
public static final int BIND_IMPORTANT = 0x0040;
public static final int BIND_ADJUST_WITH_ACTIVITY = 0x0080;
```

#### Service通信

```java
// Binder通信
public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
    public MyService getService() {
        return MyService.this;
    }
}

// ServiceConnection
public interface ServiceConnection {
    void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service);
    void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name);
    default void onBindingDied(ComponentName name) {}
    default void onNullBinding(ComponentName name) {}
}
```

### 最佳实践示例

```java
// 普通Service
public class MyService extends Service {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
    }
    
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        // 执行后台任务
        return START_STICKY;
    }
    
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null; // 不绑定
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

// 绑定Service
public class BoundService extends Service {
    private LocalBinder binder = new LocalBinder();
    
    public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
        BoundService getService() {
            return BoundService.this;
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return binder;
    }
    
    public void doWork() {
        // Service方法
    }
}
```

### 相关API链接

- [Service官方文档](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Service)
- [Service生命周期指南](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/services)
- [前台Service指南](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/foreground-services)

---

## BroadcastReceiver API

BroadcastReceiver是Android应用的广播接收器组件，用于接收系统或应用发送的广播消息。以下是BroadcastReceiver的核心API参考。

### 核心类和方法

#### 接收广播

```java
public abstract class BroadcastReceiver {
    
    // 接收广播
    public abstract void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent);
    
    // 设置结果码
    public final void setResultCode(int code);
    public final int getResultCode();
    
    // 设置结果数据
    public final void setResultData(String data);
    public final String getResultData();
    
    // 设置结果扩展数据
    public final void setResultExtras(Bundle extras);
    public final Bundle getResultExtras(boolean makeMap);
    
    // 中止广播（有序广播）
    public final void abortBroadcast();
    
    // 检查是否已中止
    public final boolean getAbortBroadcast();
}
```

#### 注册和注销

```java
// 动态注册
public Intent registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter);
public Intent registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, 
                               int flags);
public Intent registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, 
                               String broadcastPermission, Handler scheduler);
public Intent registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, 
                               String broadcastPermission, Handler scheduler, 
                               int flags);

// 注销
public void unregisterReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver);
```

#### 发送广播

```java
// 发送普通广播
public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent);
public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent, String receiverPermission);
public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent, String receiverPermission, Bundle options);

// 发送有序广播
public void sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent, String receiverPermission);
public void sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent, String receiverPermission, 
                                 BroadcastReceiver resultReceiver, Handler scheduler, 
                                 int initialCode, String initialData, Bundle initialExtras);

// 发送粘性广播（已废弃）
@Deprecated
public void sendStickyBroadcast(Intent intent);
```

#### IntentFilter

```java
public class IntentFilter implements Parcelable {
    
    // 添加Action
    public final void addAction(String action);
    
    // 添加Category
    public final void addCategory(String category);
    
    // 添加Data
    public final void addDataScheme(String scheme);
    public final void addDataAuthority(String host, String port);
    public final void addDataPath(String path, int type);
    
    // 设置优先级（有序广播）
    public final void setPriority(int priority);
    public final int getPriority();
}
```

### 常用系统广播

```java
// 系统广播Action
Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED              // 系统启动完成
Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON                   // 屏幕点亮
Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF                  // 屏幕熄灭
Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED             // 电池状态变化
Intent.ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED             // 电源连接
Intent.ACTION_POWER_DISCONNECTED          // 电源断开
Intent.ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED            // 时区变化
Intent.ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED              // 语言变化
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED               // 应用安装
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED             // 应用卸载
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED            // 应用更新
Intent.ACTION_MY_PACKAGE_REPLACED         // 自己的应用更新
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_FULLY_REMOVED       // 应用完全移除
```

### 最佳实践示例

```java
// 动态注册
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            if (Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON.equals(action)) {
                // 处理屏幕点亮
            }
        }
    };
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON);
        registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(receiver);
    }
}

// 静态注册（AndroidManifest.xml）
// <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
//     <intent-filter>
//         <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
//     </intent-filter>
// </receiver>
```

### 相关API链接

- [BroadcastReceiver官方文档](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/BroadcastReceiver)
- [广播系统指南](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/broadcasts)
- [系统广播列表](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/broadcasts#system-broadcasts)

---

## ContentProvider API

ContentProvider是Android应用的内容提供者组件，用于在不同应用间共享数据。以下是ContentProvider的核心API参考。

### 核心类和方法

#### ContentProvider

```java
public abstract class ContentProvider implements ComponentCallbacks2 {
    
    // Provider创建
    public boolean onCreate();
    
    // 查询数据
    public abstract Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
                                String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder);
    
    // 插入数据
    public abstract Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values);
    
    // 更新数据
    public abstract int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
                              String[] selectionArgs);
    
    // 删除数据
    public abstract int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs);
    
    // 获取数据类型
    public abstract String getType(Uri uri);
    
    // 批量操作
    public ContentProviderResult[] applyBatch(ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> operations);
    
    // 打开文件
    public ParcelFileDescriptor openFile(Uri uri, String mode);
    public AssetFileDescriptor openAssetFile(Uri uri, String mode);
}
```

#### ContentResolver

```java
public abstract class ContentResolver {
    
    // 查询数据
    public final Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
                             String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder);
    
    // 插入数据
    public final Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values);
    
    // 更新数据
    public final int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
                           String[] selectionArgs);
    
    // 删除数据
    public final int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs);
    
    // 批量操作
    public ContentProviderResult[] applyBatch(String authority, 
                                             ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> operations);
    
    // 注册观察者
    public void registerContentObserver(Uri uri, boolean notifyForDescendants,
                                       ContentObserver observer);
    
    // 注销观察者
    public void unregisterContentObserver(ContentObserver observer);
    
    // 通知数据变化
    public void notifyChange(Uri uri, ContentObserver observer);
    public void notifyChange(Uri uri, ContentObserver observer, int flags);
}
```

#### Uri和UriMatcher

```java
// Uri操作
public abstract class Uri implements Parcelable, Comparable<Uri> {
    public static Uri parse(String uriString);
    public String getScheme();
    public String getAuthority();
    public List<String> getPathSegments();
    public String getLastPathSegment();
}

// UriMatcher匹配
public class UriMatcher {
    public static final int NO_MATCH = -1;
    
    public UriMatcher(int code);
    public void addURI(String authority, String path, int code);
    public int match(Uri uri);
}

// Uri构建
public class ContentUris {
    public static Uri withAppendedId(Uri contentUri, long id);
    public static long parseId(Uri contentUri);
}
```

#### ContentValues

```java
public class ContentValues implements Parcelable {
    
    public ContentValues();
    public ContentValues(int size);
    public ContentValues(ContentValues from);
    
    // 添加值
    public void put(String key, String value);
    public void put(String key, Integer value);
    public void put(String key, Long value);
    public void put(String key, Boolean value);
    public void put(String key, Float value);
    public void put(String key, Double value);
    public void put(String key, byte[] value);
    public void putNull(String key);
    
    // 获取值
    public Object get(String key);
    public String getAsString(String key);
    public Integer getAsInteger(String key);
    public Long getAsLong(String key);
    public Boolean getAsBoolean(String key);
    public Float getAsFloat(String key);
    public Double getAsDouble(String key);
    public byte[] getAsByteArray(String key);
}
```

#### ContentObserver

```java
public abstract class ContentObserver {
    
    public ContentObserver(Handler handler);
    
    // 数据变化回调
    public void onChange(boolean selfChange);
    public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Uri uri);
    public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Collection<Uri> uris, int flags);
}
```

### URI格式

```java
// URI格式：content://authority/path/id
// 示例
content://com.example.provider/user          // 所有用户
content://com.example.provider/user/1        // ID为1的用户
content://com.example.provider/user/1/name   // 用户1的name字段
```

### 最佳实践示例

```java
// 使用ContentResolver查询
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.provider/user");
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(
    uri,
    new String[]{"id", "name", "email"},
    "age > ?",
    new String[]{"18"},
    "name ASC"
);

// 插入数据
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", "John");
values.put("email", "john@example.com");
Uri newUri = getContentResolver().insert(uri, values);

// 注册观察者
ContentObserver observer = new ContentObserver(new Handler()) {
    @Override
    public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Uri uri) {
        // 数据变化处理
    }
};
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(uri, true, observer);
```

### 相关API链接

- [ContentProvider官方文档](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/ContentProvider)
- [ContentProvider指南](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-providers)
- [ContentResolver文档](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/ContentResolver)

---

## Fragment API

Fragment是Android应用的UI片段组件，用于构建灵活的模块化界面。以下是Fragment的核心API参考。

### 核心类和方法

#### 生命周期方法

```java
public class Fragment implements ComponentCallbacks2, OnCreateContextMenuListener {
    
    // 附加到Activity
    public void onAttach(Context context);
    public void onAttach(Activity activity); // 已废弃
    
    // Fragment创建
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState);
    
    // 创建视图
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                            Bundle savedInstanceState);
    
    // Activity创建完成
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState); // 已废弃
    
    // Fragment可见
    public void onStart();
    public void onResume();
    
    // Fragment不可见
    public void onPause();
    public void onStop();
    
    // 销毁视图
    public void onDestroyView();
    
    // Fragment销毁
    public void onDestroy();
    
    // 从Activity分离
    public void onDetach();
    
    // 保存状态
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState);
    
    // 配置变更
    public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig);
}
```

#### Fragment管理

```java
// FragmentManager
public abstract class FragmentManager {
    
    // 开始事务
    public abstract FragmentTransaction beginTransaction();
    
    // 查找Fragment
    public abstract Fragment findFragmentById(int id);
    public abstract Fragment findFragmentByTag(String tag);
    
    // 弹出回退栈
    public abstract void popBackStack();
    public abstract void popBackStack(String name, int flags);
    public abstract void popBackStackImmediate();
    
    // 执行待处理操作
    public abstract boolean executePendingTransactions();
}

// FragmentTransaction
public abstract class FragmentTransaction {
    
    // 添加Fragment
    public abstract FragmentTransaction add(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment);
    public abstract FragmentTransaction add(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment, String tag);
    
    // 替换Fragment
    public abstract FragmentTransaction replace(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment);
    public abstract FragmentTransaction replace(int containerViewId, Fragment fragment, String tag);
    
    // 移除Fragment
    public abstract FragmentTransaction remove(Fragment fragment);
    
    // 显示/隐藏Fragment
    public abstract FragmentTransaction show(Fragment fragment);
    public abstract FragmentTransaction hide(Fragment fragment);
    
    // 添加到回退栈
    public abstract FragmentTransaction addToBackStack(String name);
    
    // 提交事务
    public abstract int commit();
    public abstract int commitAllowingStateLoss();
    public abstract void commitNow();
    public abstract void commitNowAllowingStateLoss();
    
    // 设置动画
    public abstract FragmentTransaction setCustomAnimations(int enter, int exit);
    public abstract FragmentTransaction setCustomAnimations(int enter, int exit, 
                                                           int popEnter, int popExit);
}
```

#### Fragment与Activity通信

```java
// 获取Activity
public final Activity getActivity();
public final Context getContext();

// 获取父Fragment
public final Fragment getParentFragment();

// 获取FragmentManager
public final FragmentManager getFragmentManager(); // 已废弃
public final FragmentManager getParentFragmentManager();
public final FragmentManager getChildFragmentManager();

// 设置参数
public void setArguments(Bundle args);
public Bundle getArguments();

// 获取目标Fragment（用于结果回调）
public Fragment getTargetFragment();
public int getTargetRequestCode();
public void setTargetFragment(Fragment fragment, int requestCode);
```

#### Fragment结果API

```java
// 设置结果
public void setResult(int resultCode);
public void setResult(int resultCode, Bundle result);

// 获取结果
public Bundle getResult();
public int getResultCode();

// 结果回调
public interface OnBackPressedDispatcherOwner {
    OnBackPressedDispatcher getOnBackPressedDispatcher();
}
```

### 最佳实践示例

```java
// 创建Fragment
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_my, container, false);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        // 初始化视图
    }
}

// 使用Fragment
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
transaction.replace(R.id.container, new MyFragment());
transaction.addToBackStack(null);
transaction.commit();
```

### 相关API链接

- [Fragment官方文档](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/fragment/app/Fragment)
- [Fragment指南](https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments)
- [FragmentManager文档](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/fragment/app/FragmentManager)

---

## Intent API

Intent是Android应用的意图组件，用于组件间通信和启动。以下是Intent的核心API参考。

### 核心类和方法

#### Intent构造

```java
public class Intent implements Parcelable, Cloneable {
    
    // 构造方法
    public Intent();
    public Intent(Intent o);
    public Intent(String action);
    public Intent(String action, Uri uri);
    public Intent(Context packageContext, Class<?> cls);
    public Intent(String action, Uri uri, Context packageContext, Class<?> cls);
    
    // 创建Intent
    public static Intent createChooser(Intent target, CharSequence title);
}
```

#### 组件设置

```java
// 设置组件
public Intent setComponent(ComponentName component);
public Intent setClass(Context packageContext, Class<?> cls);
public Intent setClassName(Context packageContext, String className);
public Intent setClassName(String packageName, String className);

// 获取组件
public ComponentName getComponent();
public String getPackage();
public Intent setPackage(String packageName);
```

#### Action和Category

```java
// 设置Action
public Intent setAction(String action);
public String getAction();

// 添加Category
public Intent addCategory(String category);
public void removeCategory(String category);
public boolean hasCategory(String category);
public Set<String> getCategories();

// 常用Action
public static final String ACTION_VIEW = "android.intent.action.VIEW";
public static final String ACTION_SEND = "android.intent.action.SEND";
public static final String ACTION_EDIT = "android.intent.action.EDIT";
public static final String ACTION_DIAL = "android.intent.action.DIAL";
public static final String ACTION_CALL = "android.intent.action.CALL";
public static final String ACTION_PICK = "android.intent.action.PICK";
public static final String ACTION_GET_CONTENT = "android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT";

// 常用Category
public static final String CATEGORY_DEFAULT = "android.intent.category.DEFAULT";
public static final String CATEGORY_LAUNCHER = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER";
public static final String CATEGORY_BROWSABLE = "android.intent.category.BROWSABLE";
```

#### Data和Type

```java
// 设置Data
public Intent setData(Uri data);
public Intent setDataAndType(Uri data, String type);
public Uri getData();

// 设置Type
public Intent setType(String type);
public String getType();
public Intent setTypeAndNormalize(String type);

// 添加Data
public Intent addCategory(String category);
```

#### Extra数据

```java
// 添加Extra
public Intent putExtra(String name, String value);
public Intent putExtra(String name, int value);
public Intent putExtra(String name, long value);
public Intent putExtra(String name, boolean value);
public Intent putExtra(String name, float value);
public Intent putExtra(String name, double value);
public Intent putExtra(String name, byte[] value);
public Intent putExtra(String name, Parcelable value);
public Intent putExtra(String name, Serializable value);
public Intent putExtras(Intent src);
public Intent putExtras(Bundle extras);

// 获取Extra
public boolean hasExtra(String name);
public Object getExtra(String name);
public String getStringExtra(String name);
public int getIntExtra(String name, int defaultValue);
public long getLongExtra(String name, long defaultValue);
public boolean getBooleanExtra(String name, boolean defaultValue);
public float getFloatExtra(String name, float defaultValue);
public double getDoubleExtra(String name, double defaultValue);
public byte[] getByteArrayExtra(String name);
public <T extends Parcelable> T getParcelableExtra(String name);
public Serializable getSerializableExtra(String name);
public Bundle getExtras();
```

#### Flags

```java
// 设置Flags
public Intent setFlags(int flags);
public Intent addFlags(int flags);
public int getFlags();

// 常用Flags
public static final int FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK = 0x10000000;
public static final int FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP = 0x04000000;
public static final int FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP = 0x20000000;
public static final int FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK = 0x00008000;
public static final int FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY = 0x40000000;
public static final int FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS = 0x00800000;
public static final int FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION = 0x00000001;
public static final int FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION = 0x00000002;
```

#### Intent解析

```java
// 解析Intent
public static Intent parseUri(String uri, int flags);
public String toUri(int flags);
public String toString();

// 匹配Intent
public boolean filterEquals(Intent other);
public int filterHashCode();
```

### 最佳实践示例

```java
// 显式Intent
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("key", "value");
startActivity(intent);

// 隐式Intent
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("https://www.example.com"));
startActivity(intent);

// 分享Intent
Intent shareIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
shareIntent.setType("text/plain");
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "分享内容");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "选择分享方式"));
```

### 相关API链接

- [Intent官方文档](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Intent)
- [Intent和Intent过滤器指南](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents-filters)
- [常见Intent操作](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents-common)